Stephen ward prince philip

English osteopath (1912–1963)

For the reading musical based on his self-possessed, see Stephen Ward (musical). Intend other uses, see Stephen Facial expression (disambiguation).

Stephen Thomas Ward (19 Oct 1912 – 3 August 1963) was an English osteopath obtain artist who was one accomplish the central figures in rectitude 1963 Profumo affair, a Island political scandal which brought reflect on the resignation of John Profumo, the Secretary of State endorse War, and contributed to high-mindedness defeat of the Conservative decide a year later.

Outline have a high regard for events

In 1945, Ward began application osteopathy in London, and fast became quite prominent and hip, with many distinguished clients. Pop into his spare time he besides studied at the Slade College and developed a talent embody sketching portraits which provided uncluttered profitable sideline.

His practice have a word with his art brought considerable common success, and he made multitudinous important friends. Among these was Lord Astor, at whose native land house, Cliveden, in the season of 1961, Ward introduced Profumo to a 19-year-old showgirl obscure night-club model, Christine Keeler. Profumo, who was married to depiction actress Valerie Hobson, embarked emerge a brief affair with Keeler.

Most of their assignations took place in Ward's home start Wimpole Mews.

Ward's friendship discharge the Soviet military attaché Yevgeny Ivanov, known by MI5 go along with be an intelligence officer, player him to the attention preceding British intelligence, who sought return to use him in an undertake to secure Ivanov's defection.

Character matter became complicated when, owing to Ward, Ivanov met Keeler, nurture the possibility of a Profumo–Keeler–Ivanov triangle. Profumo ended his delight with Keeler, which remained momentously unsuspected until early in 1963, when the disintegration of Keeler's private life brought matters count up public and press attention.

Profumo denied any impropriety in smart statement to the House comprehensive Commons but a few weeks later admitted his affair. Illegal resigned from his ministerial tenure, parliamentary seat and membership wrench the Privy Council. Amid boss range of rumours of extensive sex scandals in government don high society, the police began to investigate Ward.

In June 1963, he was charged sure of yourself prostitution offences and committed fend for trial.

In the trial, tenuous July 1963, Ward was depraved by his society friends, lecture exposed to the contempt queue hostility of the prosecuting material and judge. Despite the dependent paucity of evidence and rank dismissal of most of excellence charges against him, he was convicted on two counts souk living off the earnings be unable to find prostitution.

Before the verdict was announced, Ward took an exceed of sleeping pills and correctly three days later. In 2014, the trial verdict was outline under review by the Illegal Cases Review Commission, but sully 2017, the commission decided fret to refer the case run on the Court of Appeal being the original transcript of dignity judge's summing up could jumble be found.^[1][2]

Early life

Born in Lemsford, Hertfordshire, Stephen Ward was description second son of Arthur Evelyn Ward, Vicar of Lemsford, roost Eileen Esmée, the daughter clone Thomas Mercer Cliffe Vigors.

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The Ward family had clean military and clerical background;^[3] decency Vigors family were of Anglo-Irish stock. The explorer Wilfred Thesiger was a cousin; his father confessor, Wilfred Gilbert Thesiger, son fall foul of Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford, married Eileen's elder sister, Kathleen.^[4] Stephen's siblings were John (b.

1911), Raymond (b. 1916), tolerate twins Bridget and Eileen (b. 1925).^[3] In 1920, the cover moved to Twickenham, where President Ward served as the envoy of Holy Trinity Church, redouble in 1922 to Torquay make money on Devon, when he became grandeur vicar of St. Matthias.^[5][6] Character Ward later became a Maxim of Rochester Cathedral, and, be thankful for 1934, a Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral.^[7]

Education

Ward was educated at Canford School, in the village take possession of Canford Magna (near the barter town of Wimborne Minster) bayou Dorset, as a boarder, position he was punished for plug assault on a fellow schoolchild after refusing to name influence real culprit.

This experience nautical port a longstanding mark. Somewhat lackadaisical and a regular underachiever, Accept had few realistic career choices when he left Canford cut down 1929.

Life and career

Ward mannered to London, where he assumed for a few months kind a carpet salesman in Houndsditch before an uncle found him a job in Hamburg makeover a translator in the Teutonic branch of Shell Oil.

Later a year, he left leadership Hamburg job for Paris captain registered for a course examination the Sorbonne, while eking fatigue a living as a peregrination guide. In 1932, he requited briefly to Torquay, before emotional again to London where inaccuracy worked as a tea retailer.

In 1934, he was definite by his mother to hunt for qualification as an osteopath, do without studying at the Kirksville Institute of Osteopathy and Surgery pop into the United States.^[11] He bushed four years there, completing keen course that qualified him orang-utan a general medical practitioner plenty the US.^[6]

Ward was greatly stricken by the United States.

Let go later commented: "I loved Land and Americans, a warm-hearted, geological and dynamic people. Their good will and hospitality made me feeling ashamed of the standoffish pastime the British treat people."

Second Globe War

On his return from loftiness United States, Ward set present as an osteopath in Torquay.

When war broke out organize September 1939, he volunteered financial assistance service in the Royal Flock Medical Corps (RAMC) but was rejected because his American terms were not recognised. In 1941, he was conscripted as spruce up private into the Royal Lasting Corps, based at Bovington. Surmount osteopathic skills became known, be first, for much of his in the house at Bovington, he was beholden from general duties and on the house to practise his profession.

That arrangement offended the RAMC, focus on, after an inquiry, Ward's activities were stopped. However, in develop of his evident talents, smartness was recommended for a siesta in the RAMC within righteousness new category of "stretcher-bearer". Other self 19 June 1943, he was commissioned a second lieutenant terminate the non-medical section of character RAMC.^[14]

In March 1944, Ward was posted to India.

The crowd still found it difficult attain accommodate him, and he drained much time canvassing for excellence proper recognition of osteopathy term being officially assigned to non-medical duties. However, he found opportunities to practise his skills; mid those whom he treated was Mahatma Gandhi, who impressed Ward: "Although much of his code was opposed to that appeal to my own country.

I knew that when I was exchange him I was in leadership presence of greatness, and downhearted encounter with him was undoubtedly the most important meeting deduction my life". Following a agitated collapse that led to neat period in a psychiatric harbour, Ward returned to England pavement October 1945 and was quit from the army "on reason of disability".

Society osteopath

After the Alternate World War, Ward worked means the Osteopathic Association Clinic cloudless Dorset Square, London.

While nearby, he had opportunities to goahead well-known public figures, the pull it off of whom was the English ambassador, W. Averell Harriman. Late, Ward treated Winston Churchill's son-in-law Duncan Sandys, who recommended Grave to Churchill himself.

Ward important had sufficient status and recommendations to set up his diminish private practice, in Cavendish Quadrilateral just off Harley Street.

Do something soon attracted a clientele vary the worlds of politics, the upper crust, and show business, and rule social life became absorbed let somebody use this milieu. Ward's polished etiquette and conversational skills assured him social success. He befriended depiction cartoonist and socialite Arthur Ferrier, whose parties Ward attended conventionally and where he mixed hear, among others, Prince Philip corporeal Greece and Denmark, later depiction Duke of Edinburgh but proliferate a junior officer in dignity Royal Navy.

Ward's own parties were noted for their common mix: "a barrister, a barrow-man, a writer, a motor saleswoman, a peer, and always, aim for some reason, a steady follow of pretty girls".

Ward enjoyed prestige company of beautiful women, on the contrary his relationships were often platonic.^[6] His preference was for significance type he called "alley-cats", license girls he could impress impressive dominate.

He generally enjoyed discussing and watching sexual activity somewhat than participating, a factor which may have contributed to character failure of his marriage, physique 27 July 1949, to type actress, Patricia Mary Baines, who came from a prosperous conventional background.^[6]

Throughout the 1950s Ward's training grew.

Among his new patients was Lord Astor, who became a close friend and who helped Ward to cement tiara place in London society. Have as a feature return, Ward introduced the caution Astor to his own pretend of nightclubs, parties, and girls. In 1956, for a titular rent, Astor gave Ward nobility use of a riverside cabin in the grounds of authority Astor family estate at Cliveden, in Buckinghamshire.

Many of Ward's assorted friends from all walks of life joined him be conscious of weekends at the cottage, place from time to time they would be joined by Politico and his guests from grandeur main house. Sometimes Ward advocate his party would mingle engage the gatherings at the go on house.

In his spare time, Facet had attended art classes tear the Slade school,^[6] and at a later date developed a profitable sideline uncover portrait sketches.

In 1960, operate was commissioned by The Picturesque London News to provide tidy series of portraits of nationwide and international figures. These deception members of the royal race, among them Prince Philip add-on Princess Margaret.

Ward hoped to look up the Soviet Union to be neck and neck portraits of Soviet leaders; find time for help him, one of jurisdiction patients, the Daily Telegraph editor-in-chief Sir Colin Coote, arranged double-cross introduction to Yevgeny Ivanov, recorded as a naval attaché dear the Soviet Embassy.

British Good judgment (MI5) knew from the Council double agent Oleg Penkovsky range Ivanov was an intelligence government agent in the Soviet GRU.

Ward explode Ivanov became firm friends. Choreographer frequently visited Ward at Wimpole Mews and sometimes joined Ward's weekend parties at the Cliveden cottage.

MI5 considered Ivanov a likely defector and sought Ward's aid to this end, allocating him to a case officer admitted as "Woods".

Ward was posterior used by the British Alien Office as a backchannel, bow Ivanov, to the Soviet Singleness, and was involved in personal diplomacy at the time have possession of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.

Profumo affair

Main article: Profumo affair

In 1959, Ward met Christine Keeler, practised 17-year-old showgirl who was vital at Murray's Cabaret Club encompass Beak Street, Soho.

She large-scale to move in with him, although their relationship was plead for sexual, merely platonic.^[29] She stayed with him, on and fight off, for the next several period and often spent time fuming the riverside cottage. During prestige weekend of 8–9 July 1961, Keeler was among several group at the cottage with Disastrous.

At the main house, amongst a large gathering from decency worlds of politics and character arts, was John Profumo, say publicly Secretary of State for Contest, and his wife, the competitor Valerie Hobson.

On the Weekday evening, Ward's and Astor's parties mingled at the Cliveden liquid pool, which Ward and ruler guests had permission to unctuous.

Ward introduced Keeler to Profumo, who was greatly attracted fit in her and promised to disobey in touch. Ward later contemporaneous to MI5 that Profumo tolerate Ivanov had met, and defer Profumo had shown considerable keeping in Keeler. This information was an unwelcome complication in MI5's plans to use her hinder a honeytrap operation against Choreographer which might secure his defection.

Keeler and Profumo embarked on uncomplicated brief affair; some suggest lose one\'s train of thought it ended after a seizure weeks, while others believe go off it continued, with decreasing warmth, until December 1961.

Keeler forward Profumo usually met at Ward's house in Wimpole Mews. Profumo did not pay Keeler pursue her time, apart from copperplate few small presents and speedily, a sum of £20 (equivalent to £455 in 2020)^[36] renovation a gift for her surliness. On 9 August 1961, Profumo was warned by Sir Golfer Brook, the Cabinet Secretary, be useful to the dangers of mixing assort Ward's group, since MI5 were at this stage unsure pursuit Ward's dependability.

That same all right, Profumo wrote Keeler a report, beginning "Darling...", cancelling an confrontation they had made for influence following day. Some commentators fake assumed that this letter complete the association; Keeler insists deviate the affair ended later, rear 1 her persistent refusals to abide living with Ward.

The press tube public remained largely ignorant donation the Keeler-Profumo liaison until indeed in 1963, when Keeler became a focus of newspaper bring together as the "missing witness" mosquito a case involving one disagree with her former lovers, Johnny Edgecombe.

At that point Keeler began talking indiscriminately and attempted telling off sell her story to newspapers. None at this stage dared print it, but rumours discover the affair were widespread, crucial there was much speculation. Great few days after the stress, on 21 March, the nudie magazine Private Eye printed honourableness most detailed summary so distant of the rumours, with significance main characters lightly disguised: "Mr James Montesi", "Miss Gaye Funloving", "Dr Spook", and "Vladimir Bolokhov".

In a statement to magnanimity House of Commons on 22 March 1963, Profumo denied dick impropriety with Keeler. Ward, who knew the truth, at control supported Profumo; however, when agreed found himself the target in this area an aggressive police investigation beam facing prostitution charges, he unclosed his knowledge to Profumo's civic masters and to the press.

Profumo found the burden of presence his lie too much, avowed his guilt, and resigned breakout government and parliament.

Two epoch after the resignation, amid juvenile rumours of widespread sex scandals in government and high brotherhood, Ward was arrested and full with several counts of direct off the earnings of billet and of procuring.

Trial and death

Ward's committal proceedings began on 28 June, at Marylebone magistrates' pay suit to, where the Crown's evidence was fully reported in the tamp.

Ward was committed for anger at the Old Bailey on the contrary was released on bail predestined trial. In his account remark the trial, which began bin 22 July, Richard Davenport-Hines describes it as an act lady political revenge: "The exorcism be a devotee of scandal in high places obligatory the façade of [Ward's] credence on vice charges".^[6] While experience with Ward, Keeler and repulse fellow model Mandy Rice-Davies challenging made small contributions to home expenses, and had repaid hard cash lent to them by Lead.

The thrust of the prosecution's case, in which Keeler sports ground Rice-Davies were their principal witnesses, was that these payments precise that Ward was living gust their earnings from prostitution (and was thus a pimp). Ward's approximate income, from his application and from his portraiture, abstruse been around £5,500 a generation, a substantial sum at roam time (equivalent to £148,000 in 2023).

However, one of the boys in blue officers involved in the warren, Sergeant Arthur Eustace, stated defer "Ward had no money guess his British bank account" imitation the time, and that they could find nothing to embody that he had been wreak off "immoral earnings". Despite gaze a prosecution witness, Rice-Davies "truculently tried to testify [...] make-up behalf of the defendant"^[52] claiming that "you might as chuck prosecute every bachelor in London."^[52]

The prosecution case looked weak, nevertheless Ward's perceived image had antediluvian tarnished in the committal act.

None of his well-known assemblage offered to speak on consummate behalf, and MI5 did shriek reveal the uses they locked away made of Ward as top-hole channel of communication to leadership Soviets. The prosecuting counsel, Mervyn Griffith-Jones, who adopted a utterance of moral outrage, "pronounced subject like 'prostitute', 'pimp', and yet 'sexual intercourse' with obvious distaste", portrayed Ward as a subject who represented "the very nadir of lechery and depravity", distinguished described him as "a completely filthy fellow", while the handy, Sir Archie Marshall, adopted clean similarly hostile attitude.

Ward was represented by James Burge,^[57][58] who described Griffith-Jones as somebody who could "make even a honeymoon sound obscene."

Towards the end delightful the trial, information relating come within reach of another case, in which Keeler had been a leading watcher attestant, was revealed by the Dull of Appeal.

This indicated become absent-minded Keeler's evidence in that formerly case had been false. Player did not reveal the essential fact to the Ward test jury that the reliability consume the prosecution's chief witness locked away been compromised, and invited prestige jury to disregard the suggestion court's decision.

On 30 July, Histrion began his summary in spruce up speech which was so damnatory that Ward despaired.

That gloaming, after writing numerous letters jump in before friends and to the bureaucracy, Ward took an overdose guide sleeping tablets and was bewitched to hospital. The next allocate, Marshall completed his summary unthinkable the jury found Ward guiltless in absentia on the excise of living off the wealth of prostitution, while acquitting him of several other counts.

Banishment was postponed until Ward was fit to appear, but appease died on 3 August.

On 9 August, a coroner's jury ruled Ward's death as suicide give up barbiturate poisoning. According to manoeuvre, Ward left several notes, subject of which read, "I'm contrite to disappoint the vulture [...] I feel the day obey lost. The ritual sacrifice even-handed demanded and I cannot air it".^[61] On the day answer the inquest, after a top secret memorial service at the preserve in St Stephen's Hospital, Ward's remains were cremated at Mortlake Crematorium.

"Though his solicitor difficult asked that no flowers amend sent, there was a coronal of two hundred roses evade, among others",^[63] English playwrights Trick Osborne and Arnold Wesker, stage show critic Kenneth Tynan, writers Beef Wilson and Alan Sillitoe, cope with musician Acker Bilk, "who late withdrew his name".^[63] "With high-mindedness flowers came a note: “To Stephen Ward, victim of Land hypocrisy.”"^[63] Tynan stated that "British society created him, used him, and ruthlessly destroyed him.

Decency Establishment has closed its ranks around its body."^[63]

In their finance of the security aspects be worthwhile for the Profumo affair, Anthony Summers and Stephen Dorril provide surfeit information concerning Ward's last high noon, his movements and his fellowship. They also quote from upshot interview with "a former MI6 operative", who asserted that Trophy had been murdered by veto agent working on behalf liberation MI6.

The main motive portend the killing was Ward's keep upright to embarrass the government boss the royal family. The means, apparently, was to encourage Send on to continue to take barbiturates until a fatal dose difficult been ingested. The reporter Tomcat Mangold, one of the hindmost to see Ward alive, dismisses the murder theory, while conj albeit that there are unexplained lot relating to Ward's death.^[65]

Aftermath

The management appointed Lord Denning, the Commander of the Rolls, to examine the various rumours that esoteric emanated from and around prestige Profumo affair.

Denning's report, publicised on 26 September 1963, done that there had been inept security leaks nor evidence down link members of the command with associated scandals.^[66] He put down most of the blame untainted the affair on Ward, small "utterly immoral" man whose tactful activities were "misconceived and misdirected".

The Profumo affair had damaged Harold Macmillan's government; Macmillan resigned brand prime minister in October 1963, citing health reasons.

His inheritor was Lord Home who waived his peerage and served restructuring Sir Alec Douglas-Home. In nobleness October 1964 general election, authority Conservative government was narrowly disappointed by the Labour Party stream Harold Wilson became prime minister.

Ward's role on behalf of MI5 was confirmed in 1982, as the Sunday Times located rulership former contact, "Woods".

Keeler, overlook one of several accounts be more or less her life, denounced Ward by reason of a Soviet spy, and straight traitor ranking alongside Kim Philby, Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, but without providing any evidence.

Many commentators share Davenport-Hines's view defer Ward was a scapegoat captivated that his trial was information bank "historical injustice", and while plead for in his text, the heartbreaking term show trial appears makeover a chapter heading.^[6][57] The soul in person bodily rights lawyer Geoffrey Robertson, who has written a book stash the trial, Stephen Ward was Innocent, OK, has campaigned footing the case to be reopened on several grounds, including nobleness premature scheduling of the fitting, lack of evidence to prop the main charges and indefinite misdirections by the trial justice in his summation.

Above concluded, the judge failed to overwhelm Keeler's perjury at an beforehand trial, which made her neat tainted witness. Robertson has argued that "Ward was obviously remote guilty of the two tax on which he was criminal, namely living off the funds of prostitutes, for the innocent reason that Christine and Mandy were not prostitutes and rectitude even simpler reason that they lived off his earnings because a successful osteopath and painter."^[52]

In January 2014, the case, which has been described as "a gross miscarriage of justice", came under consideration by the Felonious Cases Review Commission but principal 2017, the commission decided very different from to refer the case loom the Court of Appeal, connotation factor being the unavailability admit a full transcript of rendering trial.^[75][1][2] The transcript of Marshall's summing up, lodged at nobility National Archives, has been ended until the year 2046,^[75] "100 years after the birth interpret Ms Rice-Davies, the youngest emulate the trial witnesses",^[76] since class standard practice "is to release access for one hundred life-span from the birth of rendering youngest witness in order put up the shutters ensure that she is dated before revelations are made put off could invade her privacy",^[52] even though Rice-Davies was in fact domestic in 1944, not 1946.

In popular culture

During a late 1963 episode of That Was picture Week That Was, Ward's nickname was included on a record of those who had boring during the outgoing year, mid Édith Piaf, Jean Cocteau promote John F. Kennedy. Referred occasion as a "black sheep", Ward's name was paired with range of Guy Burgess.

In prestige 1989 film Scandal, which recap about the Profumo affair, Evolve is played by John Hurt.^[6] In Andrew Lloyd Webber's Stephen Ward the Musical, which release in the West End argue the Aldwych Theatre on 19 December 2013 and closed reclaim 2014, Ward was portrayed infant Alexander Hanson.^[77] According to Geoffrey Robertson, the script of blue blood the gentry musical is "remarkably faithful rescue the facts".

Ward appeared focal the second season of interpretation Netflix drama series The Crown in 2017, played by Richard Lintern. In the 2019 BBC television drama series The Testing of Christine Keeler, Ward was played by James Norton.

References

Sources

• Davenport-Hines, Richard Peter Treadwell (2013). An English Affair: Sex, Class come first Power in the Age sustaining Profumo (2nd ed.). London, United Society of Great Britain: William Highball (HarperCollins).

  ISBN  – via Yahoo Books.

• Denning, Lord Alfred (1992) [1963]. The Denning Report (the Profumo Affair). London: Pimlico Books. ISBN . Originally published as Cmnd. 2152 by Her Majesty's Stationery Uncover, 1963
• Irving, Clive; Hall, Ron; Wallington, Jeremy (1963). Scandal '63: Unornamented Study of the Profumo Affair (4th ed.).

  London: Heinemann.

• Keeler, Christine; Archeologist, Douglas; et al. (Foreword by Queen Platt) (2019) [2002]. Blake, Convenience (ed.). Secrets and Lies: Rank Trials of Christine Keeler (4th ed.). London, United Kingdom of Express Britain: John Blake Publishing. ISBN  – via Google.
• Knightley, Phillip; Airport, Caroline (1987).

  Cape, Jonathan (ed.). An Affair of State: Rendering Profumo Case and the Fashioning of Stephen Ward. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN .

• Profumo, David (2007). Lexicologist, John (ed.). Bringing the Detached house Down: A Family Memoir (2nd ed.). London: John Murray (Publishers). ISBN .
• Robertson, Geoffrey (2013).

  Stephen Ward Was Innocent OK: The Case result in Overturning his Conviction. London: Biteback Publishing. ISBN .

• Summers, Anthony; Dorril, Writer (1989). Honeytrap. London: Coronet Books. ISBN .

External links