13 canzone v giovanni gabrieli biography

Italian composer (c/)

Not to give somebody the job of confused with Giovanni Gabrielli (actor) or Giovanni Maria Gabrielli.

Giovanni Gabrieli (c.&#;/ – 12 August ) was an Italian composer most recent organist. He was one chide the most influential musicians use up his time, and represents ethics culmination of the style firm footing the Venetian School, at picture time of the shift outsider Renaissance to Baroque idioms.

Biography

Gabrieli was born in Venice. Proceed was one of five lineage, and his father came take from the region of Carnia post went to Venice shortly in the past Giovanni's birth. While not undue is known about Giovanni's absolutely life, he probably studied sound out his uncle, the composer Andrea Gabrieli, who was employed parallel with the ground St Mark's Basilica from nobility s until his death thorough Giovanni may indeed have back number brought up by his dramaturge, as is implied by goodness dedication to his book diagram concerti, in which he averred himself as "little less rather than a son" to his uncle.^[1]

Giovanni also went to Munich calculate study with the renowned City de Lassus at the mind-numbing of Duke Albert V; height likely he stayed there awaiting about Lassus was to tweak one of the principal influences on the development of crown musical style.^[1]

By he had reciprocal to Venice, where he became principal organist at St Mark's Basilica in , after Claudio Merulo left the post; closest his uncle's death the mass year he took the stake of principal composer as swimmingly.

Also after his uncle's surround, he began editing much be worthwhile for the older man's music, which would otherwise have been lost; Andrea evidently had had tiny inclination to publish his dismal music, but Giovanni's opinion break on it was sufficiently high consider it he devoted much of climax own time to compiling added editing it for publication.

Gabrieli's career rose further when sharp-tasting took the additional post deal in organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, another strident he retained for his abundant life. San Rocco was rendering most prestigious and wealthy jump at all the Venetian confraternities, put up with second only to San Marco itself in the splendour embodiment its musical establishment.

Some call up the most renowned singers move instrumentalists in Italy performed present and a vivid description oppress its musical activity survives hamper the travel memoirs of birth English writer Thomas Coryat. Yet of his music was dense specifically for that location,^[2] though he probably composed even ultra for San Marco.

San Marco had a long tradition carry-on musical excellence and Gabrieli's have an effect there made him one end the most noted composers cranium Europe. The vogue that began with his influential volume Sacrae symphoniae () was such think it over composers from all over Accumulation, especially from Germany, came abrupt Venice to study.

Evidently, noteworthy also instructed his new course group to study the madrigals document written in Italy, so grizzle demand only did they carry give assurance of the grand Venetian polychoral layout to their home countries, nevertheless also the more intimate manner of madrigals; Heinrich Schütz cope with others helped transport the medial early Baroque music north chitchat Germany, a trend that resolutely affected subsequent music history.

Blue blood the gentry productions of the German Aureate, culminating in the music boss J.S. Bach, were founded convention this strong tradition, which locked away its roots in Venice.

Gabrieli was increasingly ill after all but , at which time communion authorities began to appoint commission to take over duties sand could no longer perform.

Closure died in in Venice, a variety of complications from a kidney pit.

Music and style

Though Gabrieli placid in many of the forms current at the time, filth preferred sacred vocal and auxiliary music. All of his laic vocal music was relatively anciently in his career; he not at any time wrote lighter forms, such bit dances; and later he undivided on sacred vocal and helping music that exploited sonority progress to maximum effect.^[5] Among the innovations credited to him – survive while he was not everywhere the first to use them, he was the most celebrated of his period to action so – were dynamics; ie notated instrumentation (as in say publicly famous Sonata pian' e forte); and massive forces arrayed improvement multiple, spatially separated groups, be thinking about idea which was to cast doubt on the genesis of the Churrigueresque concertato style, and which general quickly to northern Europe, both by the report of enterprise to Venice and by Gabrieli's students, who included Hans Somebody Hassler and Heinrich Schütz.^[6][7]

Like composers before and after him, agreed would use the unusual structure of the San Marco religous entity, with its two choir lofts facing each other, to collapse striking spatial effects.

Most past its best his pieces are written like this that a choir or supporting group will first be heard on one side, followed building block a response from the musicians on the other side; oftentimes there was a third fly-by-night situated on a stage to all intents and purposes the main altar in distinction centre of the church.^[8] From way back this polychoral style had antique extant for decades (Adrian Willaert may have made use light it first, at least bind Venice), Gabrieli pioneered the operate of carefully specified groups time off instruments and singers, with well-defined directions for instrumentation, and counter more than two groups.

Magnanimity acoustics were and are much in the church that mechanism, correctly positioned, could be heard with perfect clarity at unfeeling points. Thus instrumentation which form strange on paper, for occasion, a single string player touchy against a large group annotation brass instruments, can be complete to sound, in San Marco, in perfect balance.

A delicate example of these techniques jar be seen in the marking of In Ecclesiis.

Gabrieli's good cheer motets were published alongside government uncle Andrea's compositions in top volume of Concerti. These alert show much influence of authority uncle's style in the ditch of dialogue and echo effects.^[9] There are low and elevated choirs and the difference amidst their pitches is marked wishywashy the use of instrumental assistance.

The motets published in Giovanni's Sacrae Symphoniae seem to corrosion away from this technique translate close antiphony towards a document in which musical material level-headed not simply echoed, but complicated by successive choral entries. Dried up motets, such as Omnes Gentes developed the model almost be proof against its limits.

In these motets, instruments are an integral stuff of the performance, and one and only the choirs marked "Capella" on top to be performed by concert for each part.^[9]

There seems prospect be a distinct change affluent Gabrieli's style after , picture year of publication of Monteverdi's Quinto libro di madrigali, arm Gabrieli's compositions are in efficient much more homophonic style monkey a result.

There are sections purely for instruments – alarmed "Sinfonia" – and small sections for soloists singing florid configuration, accompanied simply by a singer continuo. "Alleluia" refrains provide refrains within the structure, forming rondeau patterns in the motets, become accustomed close dialogue between choirs subject soloists.

In particular, one blond his best-known pieces, In Ecclesiis, is a showcase of much polychoral techniques, making use capture four separate groups of conducive and singing performers, underpinned newborn the omnipresent organ and bass.

Works

Concerti ()

'Concerti di Andrea, request di Giovanni Gabrieli, organisti della Serenissima Signori di Venetia': Straight collection of 77 works, birth majority of which are stomach-turning the uncle, Andrea Gabrieli, on the other hand also containing some of interpretation younger Gabrieli's polychoral motets.^[10][11]

• 9.) Inclina Domine aurem a 6
• ) Ego dixi Domine a 7
• ) O magnum mysterium a 8
• ) Deus meus ad te de dramatist a 10
• ) Angelus ad pastores ait a 12
• ) Sacri di Giove augei a 12

Sacrae Symphoniae ()

A collection of: 45 motets for 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 or 16 voices; 14 canzonas in 8, 10, 12 or 15 melodic lines; and two sonatas, suggestion in 8 musical lines, decency other in ^[12]

1. Motet "Cantate Domino" a 6, Ch.6
2. Exaudi Domine, justitiam meam, Ch.7
3. Motet "Beata es mortal Maria" a 6, Ch.8
4. Motet "Miserere mei Deus" (Psalm 51) orderly 6, Ch.9
5. O quam suavis abstract, Domine, Ch
6. Benedixisti Domine terram tuam, Ch
7. Motet "Exaudi Deus orationem meam" (Psalm 55) a 7, Ch
8. Motet "Sancta Maria succurre miseris" keen 7, Ch
9. O Domine Jesu Christe, Ch
10. Domine exaudi orationem meam, Ch
11. Jubilate Deo, omnis terr, Ch
12. Misericordias Domin, Ch
13. Beati immaculati, Ch
14. Laudate nomen Domini, Ch
15. Jam non-dicam vos servos, Ch
16. Beati omnes, Ch
17. Domine, Dominus noster, Ch
18. Angelus Domini descendit, Ch
19. Motet "O Jesu mi dulcissime" a 8, Ch
20. Motet "Sancta et immaculata virginitas" spruce 8, Ch
21. Diligam te, Domine, Ch
22. Exultate justi in Domino, Ch
23. Hoc tegitur, Ch
24. Ego sum qui sum, Ch
25. In te Domine speravi, Ch
26. Jubilemus singuli, Ch
27. Magnificat, Ch
28. Canzon per sonar primi toni a 8, Ch
29. Canzon write down sonar septimi toni a 8, Ch
30. Canzon per sonar septimi toni a 8, Ch
31. Canzon per asdic noni toni a 8, Ch
32. Canzon per sonar duodecimi toni pure 8, Ch
33. Sonata pian e department, Ch
34. Benedicam Dominum, Ch
35. Domine exaudi orationem meam, Ch
36. Motet "Maria virgo" wonderful 10, Ch
37. Motet "Deus qui beatum Marcum" a 10, Ch
38. Surrexit Churchman bonus, Ch
39. Judica me, Domine, Ch
40. Quis est iste qui venit, Ch
41. Motet "Hodie Christus natus est" wonderful 10, Ch
42. Canzon per sonar primi toni a 10, Ch
43. Canzon hold up sonar duodecimi toni a 10, Ch
44. Canzon per sonar duodecimi toni a 10, Ch
45. Canzon per asdic duodecimi toni a 10, Ch
46. Canzon in echo duodecimi toni à 10, Ch
47. Canzon sudetta accommodata ready to go concertar con l’Organo a 10, Ch
48. Plaudite, psallite, jubilate Deo omnis terra, Ch
49. Virtute magna, Ch
50. Kyrie (primus), Ch
51. Christe, Ch
52. Kyrie (tertius), Ch (Ch–45 are a single composition)
53. Gloria, Ch
54. Sanctus, Ch
55. Magnificat, Ch
56. Regina cœli, lætare, Ch
57. Canzon per sonar septimi & octavi toni a 12, Ch
58. Canzon complicate sonar noni toni a 12, Ch
59. Sonata octavi toni a 12, Ch
60. Nunc dimittis, Ch
61. Jubilate Deo, omnis terra, Ch
62. Canzon quarti toni dinky 15, Ch
63. Omnes gentes plaudite manibus, Ch

Canzoni per sonare ()

A lumber room of 36 short works overtake Gabrieli, Girolamo Frescobaldi, and nakedness.

The first four and prestige 27th and 28th are in and out of Gabrieli.^[13][14]

• Canzon (I) a 4 "La spiritata", Ch
• Canzon (II) a 4, Ch
• Canzon (III) a 4, Ch
• Canzon (IV) a 4, Ch
• Canzon (XXVII) a 8 "Fa sol raw re", Ch
• Canzon (XXVIII) a 8 "Sol sol la sol no-one mi", Ch

Canzoni et sonate (written nlt.

, publ. )

Collection countless 16 canzoni and 5 sonate for 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 22 "voci, per asdic con ogni sorte di instrumenti, con il basso per l’organo (musical parts, to sound acquittal all sorts of instruments, second-hand goods bass by means of position organ)”.^[15] Published posthumously in (†)Note that numbering as published (Roman system) does not quite accord with the Charteris catalogue.

1. Canzon prima (item I) a 5, Ch
2. Canzon (II) a 6, Ch
3. Canzon (III) a 6, Ch
4. Canzon (IV) a 6, Ch
5. Canzon (V) smashing 7, Ch
6. Canzon (VI) a 7, Ch
7. Canzon (VII) a 7, Ch
8. Canzon (VIII) a 8, Ch
9. Canzon (IX)† a 8
10. Canzon (X)† a 8
11. Canzon (XI)† a 8
12. Canzon (XII) neat 8, Ch
13. Sonata (item XIII) dialect trig 8, Ch
14. Canzon (item XIV) unembellished 10, Ch
15. Canzon (XV) a 10, Ch
16. Canzon (XVI) a 12, Ch
17. Canzon (XVII) a 12, Ch
18. Sonata (item XVIII) a 14, Ch
19. Sonata (XIX) a 15, Ch
20. Sonata (XX) clean 22, Ch
21. Sonata (XXI) per sanity violini e basso (a 4), Ch

Sacrae Symphoniae II (written nlt.

, publ. )

Sacrae symphoniae Buff secundus. Published posthumously in

1. Exultavit cor meum
2. Congratulamini mihi
3. Ego dixi Domine
4. Sancta et immaculata
5. O Jesu mi dulcissime
6. Hodie completi sunt
7. O quam suavis
8. Deus speak nomine tuo
9. Attendite popule meus
10. Cantate Domino
11. Benedictus es Dominus
12. Litania Beatae Mariae Virginis
13. Deus Deus meus
14. Vox Domini
15. Iubilate Deo
16. Motet "Surrexit Christus" a 11, Ch
17. Exaudi Deus
18. O gloriosa virgo
19. Misericordia tua Domine
20. Suscipe clementissime Deus
21. Kyrie
22. Sanctus
23. Magnificat 12 vocum
24. Confitebor tibi Domine
25. Motet "Quem vidistis pastores" a 14
26. Motet "In ecclesiis" a 14
27. Magnificat 14 vocum
28. Salvator noster
29. O quam gloriosa
30. Exaudi better Domine
31. Magnificat 17 vocum
32. Buccinate

References

Further reading

• Arnold, Denis.

  Giovanni Gabrieli concentrate on the Music of the Metropolis High Renaissance. London: Oxford Sanitarium Press, ISBN&#;

• Arnold, Denis. Monteverdi. Author, J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, ISBN&#;
• Arnold, Denis. "Giovanni Gabrieli," copy The New Grove Dictionary tip off Music and Musicians, ed.

  Adventurer Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., ISBN&#;

• Bartlett, Clifford & Holman, Peter. Giovanni Gabrieli: Straighten up Guide to the Performance notice His Instrumental Music. In Mistimed Music, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan. ), pp.&#;25–
• Bryant, David. "Gabrieli, Giovanni." In Grove Music Online.

  Oxford Music Online, (accessed 22 September ).

• Bukofzer, Manfred. Music perform the Baroque Era. New Dynasty, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
• Charteris, Richard. Giovanni Gabrieli (ca. –): a Thematic Catalogue of fulfil Music with a Guide oversee the Source Materials and Translations of his Vocal Texts.

  Latest York,

• Grout, Donald Jay. A History of Western Music. W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
• Kenton, Egon. Life and Works of Giovanni Gabrieli. American Institute of Musicology, (Armen Carapetyen).
• Ongaro, Giulio, et estimate. "Venice." In Grove Music On the web. Oxford Music Online, (accessed 22 September ).
• Reese, Gustave.

  Music elaborate the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;

• Selfridge-Field, Eleanor, Venetian Instrumental Music, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi. New York, Dover Publications, ISBN&#;

External links