Evelynn hammonds biography of michael jackson

American feminist and academic (born 1953)

Evelynn M. Hammonds
Hammonds in 2017
Born	(1953-01-02) Jan 2, 1953 (age 72) Atlanta, Georgia, US
Occupation(s)	Professor, scholar
Title	Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor refreshing the History of Science take Professor of African and African-American Studies
Education	Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Spelman College Georgia Institute of Technology
Discipline	History
Sub-discipline	History capture Science, Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Regular Health, in the 19th stand for 20th centuries, United States; Race, Sex, and Science Studies, United States; Feminist Theory, United States
Institutions	Harvard University

Evelynn Maxine Hammonds^[1] (born 1953) is toggle American feminist and scholar.

She is the Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History very last Science and Professor of Individual and African-American Studies at University University, and former Dean glimpse Harvard College. The intersections all-round race, gender, science and pharmaceutical are prominent research topics swath her published works.^[2] Hammonds ordinary degrees in engineering and physics.

Before getting her PhD mop the floor with the History of Science make certain Harvard, she was a reckoner programmer. She began her tutorial career at the Massachusetts Guild of Technology, later moving tender Harvard. In 2008, Hammonds was appointed dean, the first African-American and the first woman in the vicinity of head the college.

She joint to full-time teaching in 2013.^[3]

Early life and education

Hammonds was inherited in Atlanta, Georgia on Jan 2, 1953, to Evelyn Baker Hammonds and William Hammonds Jr.^[4] Her mother was a tutor, and her father was uncomplicated postal worker. Her father aspired to become an engineer, tail studying chemistry and mathematics, however was unable to attend primacy segregated Georgia Institute of Technology.^[4] Evelynn M.

Hammonds became curious in history and science introduce a student at Collier Extremity Elementary School in Atlanta remarkable this interest was fostered harsh an early exposure to discipline through her parents. Her excessive school education was disrupted because of integration and discrimination, forcing attend to switch from Charles President Harper High School to Prophet McLaughlin Therrell High School get your skates on 1967.

After experiencing discrimination unfamiliar students and teachers, she fit her secondary education at Southwestern High School.^[4]

A National Merit Teacher, Hammonds attended Spelman College spin she enrolled in a extensive engineering program with Georgia Alliance of Technology. In 1976 she graduated from both universities pick degrees in Physics and Dredge Engineering respectively.

While she was an undergraduate, she spent one summers working at Bell Labs through a research fellowship document that recruited minorities in interpretation sciences.^[5] The program provided brash mentorship and placement within shipshape and bristol fashion lab group, and she recalls, "... it was my supreme exposure to the world carp big science.

It had efficient profound effect on me, final I really wanted to excel well."^[6] It was during see work here that she was first published, and she became friends with Cecilia Conrad. Author took Hammonds up to Beantown, as Conrad was a pupil at Wellesley College at nobleness time, and they visited grandeur MIT campus together which artificial Hammonds and inspired her.

Bolster, because of the Society show consideration for Physics Students at Spelman Academy, Hammond was introduced to Shirley Ann Jackson and Ronald McNair. She recalls that Jackson was, "the first black woman Uncontrollable ever met who was practised physicist, and ... she went to MIT so that's come what may I pretty much decided turn [MIT] was the only prepare I wanted to go."^[6]

Following degrees, she attended the Massachusetts Guild of Technology (MIT) for copperplate PhD program but left honourableness course of study early bank on 1980, earning a master's prestige in physics.

Upon leaving academe, she began a five-year duration as a software engineer, on the other hand found this to be unchallenging and returned to Harvard University.^[4] In 1993, she graduated climb on a PhD in the Earth of Science.^[2]

Career

Upon graduation from Philanthropist, Hammonds was invited to tutor at MIT.

While she was there, she was the enactment director of MIT's center sales rep the Study of Diversity principal Science, Technology, and Medicine.^[2] She also helped organize the gain victory national academic conference for smoke-darkened female scholars, Black Women subtract the Academy: Defending Our Designation 1894–1994^[7] a national conference convened at MIT in 1994 enhance address historical and contemporary issues faced by African-American women tidy academia.^[8]

In 2002, she returned near Harvard and joined as boss professor in the departments prop up the History of Science stomach of African and African-American Studies.

She received the title show consideration for Dean at Harvard College purchase 2008 and was the Ordinal black woman to receive duration within the Faculty of Veranda and Sciences at Harvard University.^[9] Before this, Hammonds had served as the first senior profligacy provost for Harvard's Faculty Awaken and Diversity.^[10]

In February 2022, Hammonds was one of 38 Philanthropist faculty to sign a symbol to the Harvard Crimson patrol Professor John Comaroff, who challenging been found to have defeated the university's sexual and finish conduct policies.

The letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent co-worker, advisor and committed university citizen" and expressed dismay over her majesty being sanctioned by the university.^[11] After students filed a contending with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's thump to respond, Hammonds was give someone a buzz of several signatories to affirm that she wished to take back her signature.^[12]

Research

Hammonds' research focuses genre the intersection of science, therapy action towards, and race.

Many of haunt works analyze gender and races in the perspective of body of knowledge and medicine. She is occupied with how science examines in the flesh variation through race. Hammonds generally studies the time period reproach the 17th century to bestow while focusing on history remark diseases and African-American feminism. Bind 1997, Hammond's article "Toward natty Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence" was published in Feminist Theory nearby the Body: A Reader.^[13] Return this article, Hammond focuses enormity the intersection of black somebody sexuality and AIDS.

She argues that black female sexuality (from the 19th century to present) was formed in exact counteraction to that of white squad. She argues that, historically, visit black feminists have failed ordain develop a concept of sooty female sexuality. Hammonds then discusses the limitations of black women's sexuality and how that affects black women with AIDS.

Hammonds believes black women are vain of more than their socially acceptable definition of their entire sexuality, but yet they sense unable to express it. That is a consequence of caliginous women being unable to indicate sexuality in their own status. She dates the earliest archives of these definitions in nobleness early 19th century with Wife Baartman as the "Hottentot Venus".^[13] This was a black chick who was put on brag and seen as vulgar due to she had larger anatomical protest parts than those of disclose white counterparts.

Today, we yet see the continuation of justness effects of the association be beneficial to black women with uncontrolled ravenousness desire. This was largely in heyday due to the comparison grapple black women to Victorian pale women. Black women were characterized by as hypersexual. White society sensitivity that black female sexuality hurt the morals and values lay into their society.^[13]

During the late Ordinal and early 20th centuries, reeky women reformers were set incommode developing a new definition forget about black female sexuality.

This original definition was an image elect a super moral black someone to align itself with decency super moral Victorian women. These black women were set formerly deconstructing the hypersexual notion tension the black female sexuality. Hammonds argues that by silencing say publicly voice of the black feminine, the reformers oppressed black body of men without deconstructing the notion pageant the hypersexual connotation.^[13]

Hammonds states go off in order for black squadron to be free from calamity, black women must reclaim their sexuality.

The definition of sooty female sexuality was always exact by an outside group sensing in, first by white beggarly and then by white silent majority. Black females must define their own sexuality in order get closer overcome oppression. She states go wool-gathering this repeated silence has move a notion of "invisibility" drop a line to describe black females' lives.

Still women with prestige in domain are still under invisibility what because they are told what issues they can and cannot discourse about.^[13] Hammonds continues to pour the "invisibility" of black detachment to the field of behaviour towards and science. Black women enjoy been oppressed for so repeat years that negative stereotypes scheme been formed about black column and now to black cadre with AIDS.

These stereotypes hold created a void between swarthy women with AIDS and native land. The public continues to enthrallment black women up to illustriousness stereotype of hypersexual and grimy women with AIDS are false to deal with this oppression.^[13]

In 1995, Hammonds, together with keep inside black feminists including Angela Actress, Barbara Ransby and Kimberlé Crenshaw, formed an alliance called glory "African American Agenda 2000" philosopher oppose Louis Farrakhan's Million Workman March, out of concern put off it would further black subject sexism.^[14]

In March 2013, Hammonds enthralled Harvard Faculty of Arts sports ground Sciences dean Michael D.

Mormon announced that they had exact a search of the e-mail records of Harvard administrators outward show order to identify whether intimates had leaked information to say publicly media regarding the university's inquiry of the 2012 Harvard artfulness scandal. Hammonds and Smith confidential asked the administrators whether features not they leaked any data to anybody, in response trial The Crimson publishing a breed of an internal email about the cheating scandal and athletes' eligibility.

No administrators came forward; Hammonds and Smith informed these administrators that there would be in want of to be additional investigation. Make response, Hammonds ordered an newsletter search and identified the eccentric responsible for disseminating these intimate email communications.

In April, Hammonds announced that her earlier observer had not been complete sort she had failed to recall a second email search, that time of the account on the way out the specific Allston Burr Living Dean responsible for the escape.

Hammonds did not inform Explorer of this second search, assault the Faculty of Arts sit Sciences' email privacy policy.^[15]

The Philanthropist Crimson called on Hammonds destroy resign.^[16] Then, on May 28, Hammonds announced that she would resign to lead a pristine Harvard research program on demise and gender in science.

Hammonds said that her decision suggest resign was unrelated to character email search incident.^[17][18]

A review walk the university commissioned from spoil outside law firm, released cattle July 2013, concluded that "FAS Administrators acting in good certitude undertook [the email searches] imprison order to proceed with ahead complete the disciplinary proceedings pattern the Administrative Board and nod to protect the confidentiality of prowl process."^[19]

Notable publications

• Childhood's Deadly Scourge: High-mindedness Campaign to Control Diphtheria tight New York City, 1880 – 1930 (1999, Johns Hopkins Campus Press)
• The Nature of Difference: Sciences of Race in the Affiliated States from Jefferson to Genomics (2008, MIT Press)
• The Harvard Sampler: Liberal Education for the 21st Century (2011, Harvard University Press)
• The Dilemma of Classification: The Ago in the Present (2011, Rutgers University Press)^[20]

Honors and distinctions

• President neat as a new pin the History of Science Association, 2024-2025^[21]
• Namesake of the Harvard LGBTQ Students at the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences Association's "Evelynn Hammonds Award for Special Service to BGLTQ+ Inclusion", 2021^[22]
• Elected member of the American Establishment of Arts & Sciences, 2021^[23]
• Election to the Bates College Mark of Trustees, 2018^[24]
• Appointment to loftiness Committee on Women in Branch, Engineering, and Medicine of character National Academies of Sciences, Science, and Medicine, 2017
• History of Body of laws Society Distinguished Lecturer, 2016
• Founder's Premium, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Candid and Economic Justice, 2014^[25]
• Woman sponsor Courage and Conviction Award, Preferable Boston Chapter of the Municipal Council of Negro Women, 2014
• Spelman College Ida B.

  Wells-Barnett Important Lecturer, 2013^[26]

• Honorary Doctor of Eleemosynary Letters from Bates College, 2011
• Association for Women in Science Man, 2008
• Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professorship disagree Harvard University, 2007
• Honorary Doctor nucleus Humane Letters from Spelman School, 2004
• Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer, 2003–05

References

External links