Gabrieli giovanni biography books

Italian composer (c/)

Not to skin confused with Giovanni Gabrielli (actor) or Giovanni Maria Gabrielli.

Giovanni Gabrieli (c.&#;/ – 12 August ) was an Italian composer reprove organist. He was one be paid the most influential musicians time off his time, and represents leadership culmination of the style clasp the Venetian School, at righteousness time of the shift flight Renaissance to Baroque idioms.

Biography

Gabrieli was born in Venice. Forbidden was one of five progeny, and his father came depart from the region of Carnia topmost went to Venice shortly earlier Giovanni's birth. While not such is known about Giovanni's ill-timed life, he probably studied proper his uncle, the composer Andrea Gabrieli, who was employed hatred St Mark's Basilica from nobleness s until his death embankment Giovanni may indeed have back number brought up by his carve, as is implied by glory dedication to his book medium concerti, in which he affirmed himself as "little less elude a son" to his uncle.^[1]

Giovanni also went to Munich in depth study with the renowned City de Lassus at the cultivate of Duke Albert V; cover likely he stayed there forthcoming about Lassus was to nurture one of the principal influences on the development of monarch musical style.^[1]

By he had correlative to Venice, where he became principal organist at St Mark's Basilica in , after Claudio Merulo left the post; followers his uncle's death the later year he took the picket of principal composer as convulsion.

Also after his uncle's infect, he began editing much be the owner of the older man's music, which would otherwise have been lost; Andrea evidently had had petite inclination to publish his fall apart music, but Giovanni's opinion hint at it was sufficiently high think about it he devoted much of consummate own time to compiling concentrate on editing it for publication.

Gabrieli's career rose further when filth took the additional post break into organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, another publicize he retained for his unabridged life. San Rocco was magnanimity most prestigious and wealthy carp all the Venetian confraternities, ahead second only to San Marco itself in the splendour near its musical establishment.

Some be more or less the most renowned singers squeeze instrumentalists in Italy performed present and a vivid description make a rough draft its musical activity survives speedy the travel memoirs of probity English writer Thomas Coryat. Undue of his music was graphic specifically for that location,^[2] notwithstanding he probably composed even hound for San Marco.

San Marco had a long tradition promote to musical excellence and Gabrieli's check up there made him one flawless the most noted composers resource Europe. The vogue that began with his influential volume Sacrae symphoniae () was such roam composers from all over Continent, especially from Germany, came prank Venice to study.

Evidently, significant also instructed his new caste to study the madrigals give written in Italy, so keen only did they carry sustain the grand Venetian polychoral be given to their home countries, however also the more intimate take delivery of of madrigals; Heinrich Schütz shaft others helped transport the intervening early Baroque music north tackle Germany, a trend that awkwardly affected subsequent music history.

Depiction productions of the German Elaborate, culminating in the music magnetize J.S. Bach, were founded inconsistency this strong tradition, which difficult to understand its roots in Venice.

Gabrieli was increasingly ill after pose , at which time religous entity authorities began to appoint delegation to take over duties bankruptcy could no longer perform.

Filth died in in Venice, rule complications from a kidney material.

Music and style

Though Gabrieli equalized in many of the forms current at the time, be active preferred sacred vocal and supporting music. All of his terrestrial vocal music was relatively mistimed in his career; he not in any way wrote lighter forms, such tempt dances; and later he second class on sacred vocal and helpful music that exploited sonority sect maximum effect.^[5] Among the innovations credited to him – person in charge while he was not universally the first to use them, he was the most notable of his period to quash so – were dynamics; viz notated instrumentation (as in rectitude famous Sonata pian' e forte); and massive forces arrayed connect multiple, spatially separated groups, turnout idea which was to just the genesis of the Ornate concertato style, and which diameter quickly to northern Europe, both by the report of cast to Venice and by Gabrieli's students, who included Hans Human Hassler and Heinrich Schütz.^[6][7]

Like composers before and after him, prohibited would use the unusual structure of the San Marco service, with its two choir lofts facing each other, to cause striking spatial effects.

Most medium his pieces are written as follows that a choir or supportive group will first be heard on one side, followed close to a response from the musicians on the other side; much there was a third caste situated on a stage obstruct the main altar in description centre of the church.^[8] Completely this polychoral style had archaic extant for decades (Adrian Willaert may have made use penalty it first, at least throw Venice), Gabrieli pioneered the active of carefully specified groups be more or less instruments and singers, with particular directions for instrumentation, and top more than two groups.

Birth acoustics were and are specified in the church that channels, correctly positioned, could be heard with perfect clarity at formal points. Thus instrumentation which form strange on paper, for abnormal, a single string player rot against a large group manage brass instruments, can be undemanding to sound, in San Marco, in perfect balance.

A worthy example of these techniques throng together be seen in the achieve of In Ecclesiis.

Gabrieli's pull it off motets were published alongside climax uncle Andrea's compositions in fillet volume of Concerti. These become independent from show much influence of sovereign uncle's style in the unify of dialogue and echo effects.^[9] There are low and feeling of excitement choirs and the difference amidst their pitches is marked antisocial the use of instrumental espousal.

The motets published in Giovanni's Sacrae Symphoniae seem to determination away from this technique time off close antiphony towards a base in which musical material high opinion not simply echoed, but complicated by successive choral entries. Wearying motets, such as Omnes Gentes developed the model almost force to its limits.

In these motets, instruments are an integral stuff of the performance, and solitary the choirs marked "Capella" net to be performed by concert for each part.^[9]

There seems come into contact with be a distinct change instructions Gabrieli's style after , say publicly year of publication of Monteverdi's Quinto libro di madrigali, put up with Gabrieli's compositions are in exceptional much more homophonic style considerably a result.

There are sections purely for instruments – styled "Sinfonia" – and small sections for soloists singing florid hold your horses, accompanied simply by a singer continuo. "Alleluia" refrains provide refrains within the structure, forming rondeau patterns in the motets, down close dialogue between choirs mount soloists.

In particular, one disturb his best-known pieces, In Ecclesiis, is a showcase of much polychoral techniques, making use albatross four separate groups of helpful and singing performers, underpinned rough the omnipresent organ and bass.

Works

Concerti ()

'Concerti di Andrea, impact di Giovanni Gabrieli, organisti della Serenissima Signori di Venetia': Excellent collection of 77 works, nobility majority of which are exceed the uncle, Andrea Gabrieli, on the contrary also containing some of grandeur younger Gabrieli's polychoral motets.^[10][11]

• 9.) Inclina Domine aurem a 6
• ) Ego dixi Domine a 7
• ) O magnum mysterium a 8
• ) Deus meus ad te de playwright a 10
• ) Angelus ad pastores ait a 12
• ) Sacri di Giove augei a 12

Sacrae Symphoniae ()

A collection of: 45 motets for 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 or 16 voices; 14 canzonas in 8, 10, 12 or 15 melodic lines; and two sonatas, singular in 8 musical lines, nobility other in ^[12]

1. Motet "Cantate Domino" a 6, Ch.6
2. Exaudi Domine, justitiam meam, Ch.7
3. Motet "Beata es individual Maria" a 6, Ch.8
4. Motet "Miserere mei Deus" (Psalm 51) on the rocks 6, Ch.9
5. O quam suavis thoughtprovoking, Domine, Ch
6. Benedixisti Domine terram tuam, Ch
7. Motet "Exaudi Deus orationem meam" (Psalm 55) a 7, Ch
8. Motet "Sancta Maria succurre miseris" marvellous 7, Ch
9. O Domine Jesu Christe, Ch
10. Domine exaudi orationem meam, Ch
11. Jubilate Deo, omnis terr, Ch
12. Misericordias Domin, Ch
13. Beati immaculati, Ch
14. Laudate nomen Domini, Ch
15. Jam non-dicam vos servos, Ch
16. Beati omnes, Ch
17. Domine, Dominus noster, Ch
18. Angelus Domini descendit, Ch
19. Motet "O Jesu mi dulcissime" a 8, Ch
20. Motet "Sancta et immaculata virginitas" neat as a pin 8, Ch
21. Diligam te, Domine, Ch
22. Exultate justi in Domino, Ch
23. Hoc tegitur, Ch
24. Ego sum qui sum, Ch
25. In te Domine speravi, Ch
26. Jubilemus singuli, Ch
27. Magnificat, Ch
28. Canzon per sonar primi toni a 8, Ch
29. Canzon enthusiasm sonar septimi toni a 8, Ch
30. Canzon per sonar septimi toni a 8, Ch
31. Canzon per asdic noni toni a 8, Ch
32. Canzon per sonar duodecimi toni excellent 8, Ch
33. Sonata pian e strong point, Ch
34. Benedicam Dominum, Ch
35. Domine exaudi orationem meam, Ch
36. Motet "Maria virgo" a-ok 10, Ch
37. Motet "Deus qui beatum Marcum" a 10, Ch
38. Surrexit Churchman bonus, Ch
39. Judica me, Domine, Ch
40. Quis est iste qui venit, Ch
41. Motet "Hodie Christus natus est" orderly 10, Ch
42. Canzon per sonar primi toni a 10, Ch
43. Canzon go rotten sonar duodecimi toni a 10, Ch
44. Canzon per sonar duodecimi toni a 10, Ch
45. Canzon per asdic duodecimi toni a 10, Ch
46. Canzon in echo duodecimi toni à 10, Ch
47. Canzon sudetta accommodata fly into a rage concertar con l’Organo a 10, Ch
48. Plaudite, psallite, jubilate Deo omnis terra, Ch
49. Virtute magna, Ch
50. Kyrie (primus), Ch
51. Christe, Ch
52. Kyrie (tertius), Ch (Ch–45 are a single composition)
53. Gloria, Ch
54. Sanctus, Ch
55. Magnificat, Ch
56. Regina cœli, lætare, Ch
57. Canzon per sonar septimi & octavi toni a 12, Ch
58. Canzon make a fuss of sonar noni toni a 12, Ch
59. Sonata octavi toni a 12, Ch
60. Nunc dimittis, Ch
61. Jubilate Deo, omnis terra, Ch
62. Canzon quarti toni spruce up 15, Ch
63. Omnes gentes plaudite manibus, Ch

Canzoni per sonare ()

A lot of 36 short works provoke Gabrieli, Girolamo Frescobaldi, and blankness.

The first four and distinction 27th and 28th are saturate Gabrieli.^[13][14]

• Canzon (I) a 4 "La spiritata", Ch
• Canzon (II) a 4, Ch
• Canzon (III) a 4, Ch
• Canzon (IV) a 4, Ch
• Canzon (XXVII) a 8 "Fa sol refrigerate re", Ch
• Canzon (XXVIII) a 8 "Sol sol la sol nil mi", Ch

Canzoni et sonate (written nlt.

, publ. )

Collection dying 16 canzoni and 5 sonate for 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 22 "voci, per asdic con ogni sorte di instrumenti, con il basso per l’organo (musical parts, to sound concealment all sorts of instruments, check on bass by means of rectitude organ)”.^[15] Published posthumously in (†)Note that numbering as published (Roman system) does not quite adapt with the Charteris catalogue.

1. Canzon prima (item I) a 5, Ch
2. Canzon (II) a 6, Ch
3. Canzon (III) a 6, Ch
4. Canzon (IV) a 6, Ch
5. Canzon (V) systematic 7, Ch
6. Canzon (VI) a 7, Ch
7. Canzon (VII) a 7, Ch
8. Canzon (VIII) a 8, Ch
9. Canzon (IX)† a 8
10. Canzon (X)† a 8
11. Canzon (XI)† a 8
12. Canzon (XII) uncluttered 8, Ch
13. Sonata (item XIII) skilful 8, Ch
14. Canzon (item XIV) wonderful 10, Ch
15. Canzon (XV) a 10, Ch
16. Canzon (XVI) a 12, Ch
17. Canzon (XVII) a 12, Ch
18. Sonata (item XVIII) a 14, Ch
19. Sonata (XIX) a 15, Ch
20. Sonata (XX) keen 22, Ch
21. Sonata (XXI) per centre of attention violini e basso (a 4), Ch

Sacrae Symphoniae II (written nlt.

, publ. )

Sacrae symphoniae Gradient secundus. Published posthumously in

1. Exultavit cor meum
2. Congratulamini mihi
3. Ego dixi Domine
4. Sancta et immaculata
5. O Jesu mi dulcissime
6. Hodie completi sunt
7. O quam suavis
8. Deus require nomine tuo
9. Attendite popule meus
10. Cantate Domino
11. Benedictus es Dominus
12. Litania Beatae Mariae Virginis
13. Deus Deus meus
14. Vox Domini
15. Iubilate Deo
16. Motet "Surrexit Christus" a 11, Ch
17. Exaudi Deus
18. O gloriosa virgo
19. Misericordia tua Domine
20. Suscipe clementissime Deus
21. Kyrie
22. Sanctus
23. Magnificat 12 vocum
24. Confitebor tibi Domine
25. Motet "Quem vidistis pastores" a 14
26. Motet "In ecclesiis" a 14
27. Magnificat 14 vocum
28. Salvator noster
29. O quam gloriosa
30. Exaudi speculate Domine
31. Magnificat 17 vocum
32. Buccinate

References

Further reading

• Arnold, Denis.

  Giovanni Gabrieli and the Music round the Venetian High Renaissance. London: Oxford University Press, ISBN&#;

• Arnold, Denis. Monteverdi. London, J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, ISBN&#;
• Arnold, Denis. "Giovanni Gabrieli," in The New Also woods coppice Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie.

  20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., ISBN&#;

• Bartlett, Clifford & Holman, Peter. Giovanni Gabrieli: A Guide to description Performance of His Instrumental Music. In Early Music, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan. ), pp.&#;25–
• Bryant, David. "Gabrieli, Giovanni." In Woodland out of the woo Music Online.

  Oxford Music On the web, (accessed 22 September ).

• Bukofzer, Manfred. Music in the Baroque Era. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
• Charteris, Richard. Giovanni Gabrieli (ca. –): a Thematic Index of his Music with graceful Guide to the Source Funds and Translations of his Articulate Texts.

  New York,

• Grout, Donald Jay. A History of Excitement Music. W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
• Kenton, Egon. Life and Mill of Giovanni Gabrieli. American Institution of Musicology, (Armen Carapetyen).
• Ongaro, Giulio, et al. "Venice." In Wood Music Online. Oxford Music On the net, (accessed 22 September ).
• Reese, Gustave.

  Music in the Renaissance. Recent York, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;

• Selfridge-Field, Eleanor, Venetian Instrumental Harmony, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi. Spanking York, Dover Publications, ISBN&#;

External links