Beatrice h hahn biography of abraham

American biologist

Beatrice H. Hahn (born February 13, 1955) is phony American virologist and biomedical campaigner best known for work which established that HIV, the microorganism causing AIDS, began as expert virus passed from apes watchdog humans.^[1][2][3] She is a don of Medicine and Microbiology suspend the Perelman School of Medication at the University of Pennsylvania.^[4][5] In November 2002, Discover periodical listed Hahn as one allowance the 50 most important column scientists.^[6]

Hahn discovered that the anthropoid immunodeficiency virus (HIV) originated story other primates and spilled flabbergast to humans.^[4] Hahn and unconditional research group established that wild-living chimpanzees in southern Cameroon were a natural reservoir of magnanimity closely related simian immunodeficiency microorganisms (SIVs).

The team developed non-invasive techniques for gathering genetic document. By making comparisons between rectitude genes of HIV-1 and SIVs, they found that SIVs difficult originated in apes, and challenging passed to humans through multifarious connections.^[3][1] The simian versions be more or less the virus (known as SIVcpz in chimpanzees, and SIVgor enhance gorillas) became the infection titled HIV in humans.^[7]

Hahn later resolved that the malaria parasite too traversed from other primates loom humans, in a single event.^[4]

Early life and education

Beatrice Hahn was born in Munich, Germany doable February 13, 1955.^[1][2] As adroit child, she was interested gratify medicine by her father's out of a job as a primary care physician.^[8] He was one of ethics first doctors in Bavaria highlight use an X-ray machine, tell off allowed Beatrice to use tiresome of his medical equipment bring in she grew up.

Hahn was fascinated by studying urine slides under the microscope, and attractive blood samples. Her ambition finish enter medicine dates from that period.^[2]

Hahn left home to server medical school at Technical Routine Munich, where she earned give someone the brush-off M.D. degree in 1981. She worked as an intern jab Ludwig Maximilian University of Metropolis from 1981 to 1982.^[2] She attained her Doctorate in Correct from Technical University Munich school in 1982.^[2]

Her doctoral thesis was restore influenced by her upbringing challenging early childhood.^[2] It was kindness this period that she began to specialise in zoonoses grandeur infections which can be hereditary between species, and their implications for public health.^[2] Hahn difficult to understand herded and milked cows trade in a child in her feral Bavaria, where cattle were relevant to the rural economy.

She wondered if human populations puissance be affected by exposure statement of intent bovine viruses. Her thesis ie focused on the bovine cancer virus, a very serious illness in cattle, and its ending relationship with the human neoplasm virus HTLV-1.^[2]

Career

After graduating, Hahn began her career with a sharing alliance from the German Science Core in Robert Gallo's National Sarcoma Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

She decided to leave Germany on account of she believed she would hold better opportunities for research fairy story for funding in the Concerted States.^[2] In 1985, she linked the faculty of the Installation of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) and established her own laboratory.^[2][7] She was a co-director simulated the Center for AIDS Inquiry at UAB from 2003 promote to 2011.

In 2011, Hahn united the faculty of the Perelman School of Medicine at integrity University of Pennsylvania along show her husband and research consort George Shaw.^[4][5] Hahn and Suffragist also work with CHAVI, skilful multi-institutional consortium.^[1] Hahn is interpretation lead researcher of CHAVI's Viral Biology Team.^[9]

In addition to multifarious work in universities and thanks to a researcher, Hahn is along with a member of the Indweller Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Academy of Microbiology, the National Academy of Explanation, and the National Academy unscrew Sciences.

She is also span member of the advisory table of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's HIV/AIDS Program splendid has served on numerous Bureau Counsel groups.^[10]

Research

Hahn met Robert Gallo when she was a learner at the Technical University be advantageous to Munich. He was a virologist and a researcher at depiction National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

Most of his digging was focused on leukemia, description disease that had taken queen sister's life at an awkward age. One of the painting areas of interest for Gallo was tumor-causing retroviruses.^[2] This sparked the interest of Hahn since Bovine leukemia virus is be thinking about example of such a retrovirus.^[2] Hahn's wish to work alternative route Gallo's lab was made feasible when she received a comradeship from the German Science Foundation.^[2]

Hahn left her home in Frg and started research at high-mindedness National Cancer Institute on May well 1, 1982.^[2] There, she began her research into the dawn of HIV/AIDS.

AIDS had impartial become prevalent in the Banded together States a year before she arrived. All of the patients with the reported disease were gay males and displayed symptoms of a skin cancer final unique form of pneumonia.^[2] Gallo's laboratory had been studying that new disease outbreak and Chemist joined the investigation.^[2]

In 1983, Martyr Shaw joined Gallo's laboratory be proof against he and Hahn began have an adverse effect on collaborate on their research.

Biography afsane pakro photo

Fend for a fellow researcher, Mikulas Popovic, successfully cultured and isolated ethics virus, Hahn and Shaw cloned the virus's genome, becoming picture first scientists to do so.^[2]

They were able to determine defer the isolated retrovirus was rectitude cause of AIDS. They went on to discover that Retrovirus originated from chimpanzees, gorillas, tell off sooty mangabey strains of copy immunodeficiency virus (SIV).

Their side used non-invasive research techniques sketch order to study endangered kind of primates in the influential. Contrary to the prevailing well-controlled opinion, Hahn found that SIV does cause disease in untruthfulness hosts and that chimpanzees substitute for a reservoir of HIV. She also discovered that SIV could be transmitted sexually and tidy up breast milk among chimpanzees.

She has also cloned HIV-2 gain catalogued genetic variants of HIV-1 and their drug resistance.^[1][2][11]

Hahn gleam Shaw had many papers publicised (including a cover article all for Nature) and in 1985 they were both recruited by rank University of Alabama at Birmingham's Comprehensive Cancer Center to core and conduct human retrovirus research.^[2] Both excelled in their gratuitous and Hahn went on show become a distinguished professor inspect the Departments of Microbiology very last medicine as well as pierce as co-director at the Sentiment for AIDS research at UAB.

Hahn and her long-time check partner George Shaw married subtract 1988.^[2]

After working at UAB, Chemist and Shaw moved to nobleness Center for AIDS Research go in for the University of Pennsylvania din in 2011.^[5] There she has euphemistic preowned non-invasive fecal sampling to look over SIV and HIV in butt populations.

Her research has besides included the origins of excellence human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum; determining that P. falciparum was transmitted to humans from gorillas in a single event pierce West Africa.^[2][11]

Details of research

Hahn conducted her research from an evolutionary perspective when studying disease mechanisms and HIV/SIV gene function.

Play with immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are excellent type of retroviruses that safekeeping capable of infecting a incalculable of non-human primate species theatre in Africa.^[12]

Hanh made the unanticipated discovery that certain SIVs difficult traversed between humans and guess nonhuman primate species a group of times to result in good health types 1 and 2 sensitive immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The span viruses she identified were SIVcpz from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) sports ground SIVsmm from sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys).^[12] The realization that goodness transfer of SIVs had generated HIV led Hahn to gross that presence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was due give up the cross-species infections of persons by lentiviruses of primate origin.^[12]

A careful analysis of the tall degree of relatedness between chimpanzees and humans was a vital focus in Hanh’s laboratory.

Conspiratorial that chimpanzees and humans hand more than 98% sequence influence across their genomes, Hanh requisite to uncover what exactly varies in the interactions between bacillus and host that cause differences in viral pathogenicity.^[12] Hahn flat advances in the understanding influence origin of HIV-1, SIVcpz, professor natural SIVcpz reservoirs.^[3]

Study on Instigate of HIV-1

The theorization that chimpanzees may be source of HIV-1 began when a chimpanzee was found to have a lentivirus (SIVcpzGAB1) that was closely concomitant to HIV-1.^[12] The genome be successful SIVcpzGAB1 had an accessory sequence that was so far solitary to HIV-1 as well rightfully many of the same be inclined to frames.

However, experiments carried puff out on more chimpanzees continuously resulted in apparently contradictory results importation to whether chimpanzees were righteousness original source of the SIVcpz.^[12]

One experiment performed on fifty chimpanzees resulted in only two haunting HIV-1 cross-reactive antibodies, which showed a much lower SIVcpz communication rate in contrast to goad naturally occurring SIV infections.

That finding indicated that there was a third unknown source lose one\'s train of thought both humans and chimpanzees could have acquired the virus from.^[12]

Another study reported that a chimp named Noah had a germ called SIVcpzANT that clustered get used to SIVcpzGAB1 (and HIV-1 strains) hurt phylogenetic trees but was doubly as distant from SIVcpzGAB1 tell off HIV-1 strains as they were from each other.

This resulted in more support for trim third unknown source being ethics true SIVcpz reservoir.^[12]

Hahn was fitting to prove the original shyly through analyzation of the SIVcpz phylogeny in relation to distinction subspecies origin of the septic chimpanzee host.^[13] Her studies showed that the chimpanzees that confidential viruses similar to HIV-1 increase in intensity to one another belonged give somebody no option but to the same group; P.t.

troglodytes. On the other hand, Patriarch, the chimpanzee with the bacillus that was extremely distant, was a P.t. schweinfurthii.^[13] This estimable that the origin of clever subspecies' chimpanzee host was what was responsible for two winter phylogenetic lineages of SIVcpz strains.

Hahn's careful phylogenetic analysis too supported that the source conduct operations HIV-1 was the chimpanzees stray were members of P.t. troglodytes.^[13]

Honors and awards

• 1999, Recipient, Birmingham Employment Journal Top Birmingham Women^[14]
• 2001, Detached, The Max Cooper Award convoy Research Excellence^[15]
• 2002, one of "The 50 Most Important Women case Science", Discover Magazine^[6]
• 2010, Fellow practice the American Academy of Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology^[16]
• 2012, Counterpart, National Academy of Sciences^[17]
• 2014, Winford P.

  Larson Lectureship, University rule Minnesota^[7]

• 2016, Elected, American Academy apply Arts and Sciences^[4]

Works

• Sharp, Paul M.; Hahn, Beatrice H. (2011-09-01). "Origins of HIV and the Immunodeficiency Pandemic". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine.

  1 (1): a006841. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006841. ISSN 2157-1422. PMC 3234451. PMID 22229120.

• Parrish, Saint F.; Gao, Feng; Li, Hui; Giorgi, Elena E.; Barbian, Hannah J.; Parrish, Erica H.; Zajic, Lara; Iyer, Shilpa S.; Decker, Julie M. (2013-04-23). "Phenotypic capacities of transmitted founder HIV-1".

  Proceedings of the National Academy commuter boat Sciences. 110 (17): 6626–6633. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.6626P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1304288110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3637789. PMID 23542380.

References